E-Governance

Electronic governance or e-governance is the application of information and communication technology (ICT) for delivering government services, exchange of information communication transactions, integration of various stand-alone systems and services between government-to-customer (G2C), government-to-business (G2B), government-to-government (G2G) as well as back office processes and interactions within the entire government framework. Through e-governance, government services will be made available to citizens in a convenient, efficient and transparent manner. The three main target groups that can be distinguished in governance concepts are government, citizens and businesses/interest groups. In e-governance there are no distinct boundaries. Generally four basic models are available – government-to-citizen (customer), government-to-employees, government-to-government and government-to-business.

Today’s is the world of change and revolution. Things which are not dynamic are considered as mortal. The rise of e-government has been one of the most striking developments of the web Global shifts towards increased deployment of IT by governments emerged in the nineties, with the advent of the World Wide Web. The technology as well as e-governance initiatives have come a long way since then. Recognizing the increasing importance of electronics, the Government of India established the Department of Electronics in 1970.[7] The subsequent establishment of the National Informatics centre (NIc) in 1977 was the first major step towards e-Governance in India as it brought ‘information’ and its communication in focus. However, the main thrust for e-Governance was provided by the launching of NIcNET in 1987 – the national satellite-based computer network. This was followed by the launch of the District Information System of the National Informatics centre (DISNIc) program to computerize all district offices in the Country for which free hardware and software was offered to the State Governments. NIcNET was extended via the State capitals to all district headquarters by 1990.

E-Governance was started in India by AHSHAYA in Kerala. This project involves setting up around 5000 multipurpose community technology centers called Akshaya e- Kendra’s across Kerala. Run by private entrepreneurs, each e-Kendra set up within 2-3 kilometers of every household, will cater to the requirements of around 1000-3000 families to make available the power of networking and connectivity to common man. Akshaya is a social and economic catalyst focusing on the various facets of e-learning, e-transaction, e-governance, information and communication.

E-Governance is not only popular in India but also worldwide. To make working of government more efficient, responsive and transparent many developed and developing countries have taken some useful steps for the expansion of e-governance in their respective countries. Countries which are in the race of e-governance implementation are UK, USA, New Zealand, Brazil etc.

Online working of a government or providing its services online to its citizens at their door step is known as E-Governance. E-Governance is E-Commerce technology means online availability of government services. The technology and the methods used in E-Governance project provide a roadmap for efficient delivery of services at the door step. In today’s time the development of any country depends on the uses of E-Governance and also their penetration. Development of any country can be judge by the scope of E-Governance in that country. Moreover, today’s government has also full faith in E-Governance and its widespread network across the world proves it. Due to widespread demand ofE-governance and exponentially increasing size of data, new technologies like Open source solutions and cloud computing need to be incorporated. In this paper, the latest trends of technology that the government of most of the country has adopted have been discussed. While working on this project we have concluded that E-Governance has made the working of government more efficient and more transparent to its citizens We have also presented an exhaustive list of E-Governance projects which is currently being used in India and in international scenario. We have provided a mechanism for improving E-Governance by including technologies such as Open Source and Cloud computing.

E-Governance to Employee partnership (G2E) is one of four main primary interactions in the delivery model of E-Governance. It is the relationship between online tools, sources, and articles that help employees maintain communication with the government and their own companies. E-Governance relationship with Employees allows new learning technology in one simple place as the computer. Documents can now be stored and shared with other colleagues online.^[9] E-governance makes it possible for employees to become paperless and makes it easy for employees to send important documents back and forth to colleagues all over the world instead of having to print out these records or fax^[G2E services also include software for maintaining personal information and records of employees. Some of the benefits of G2E expansion include-Payroll- maintaining the online sources to view paychecks, pay stubs, pay bills, and keep records for tax information’s-benefits- be able to look up what benefits an employee is receiving and what benefits they have a right to.E-training- allows for new and current employees to regularly maintain the training they have through the development of new technology and to allow new employees to train and learn over new materials in one convenient location. E-learning is another way to keep employees informed on the important materials they need to know through the use of visuals, animation, videos, etc. It is usually a computer based learning tool, although not always. It is also a way for employees to learn at their own pace (distance learning). Although, it can be instructor lead.

Maintaining records of personal information- Allows the system to keep all records in one easy location to update with every single bit of information that is relevant to a personal file. Examples being social security numbers, tax information, current address, and other information ^[

Government-to-employees (abbreviated G2E) is the online interactions through instantaneous communication tools between government units and their employees. G2E is one out of the four primary delivery models of e-Government.

The Author of this article is Assistant Professor Pioneer Institute of Professional Studies, Indore