Online banking

Online banking also known as internet banking, e-banking, or virtual banking, is an electronic payment system that enables customers of a bank or other financial institution to conduct a range of financial transactions through the financial institution's website. The online banking system will typically connect to or be part of the core banking system operated by a bank and is in contrast to branch banking that was the traditional way customers’ access banking services.

To access a financial institution's online banking facility, a customer with internet access would need to register with the institution for the service, and set up a password and other credentials for customer verification. The credentials for online banking is normally not the same as for telephone or mobile banking. Financial institutions now routinely allocate customers numbers, whether or not customers have indicated an intention to access their online banking facility. Customers' numbers are normally not the same as account numbers, because a number of customer accounts can be linked to the one customer number. The customer number can be linked to any account that the customer controls, such as cheque, savings, loan, credit card and other accounts.

The customer visits the financial institution's secure website, and enters the online banking facility using the customer number and credentials previously set up. The types of financial transactions which a customer may transact through online banking usually includes obtaining account balances and list of latest transactions, electronic bill payments, and funds transfers between a customer's or another's accounts. Most also enable a customer to download copies of statements, which can be printed at the customer's premises (with some banks charging a fee for mailing hardcopies of bank statements). Some banks also enable customers to download transactions directly into the customer's accounting software. The facility may also enable the customer to order cheque-books, statements, report loss of credit cards, stop payment on a cheque, advice change of address, and other routine transactions.

Online banking facilities typically have many features and capabilities in common, but also have some that are application specific.

The common features fall broadly into several categories:

• A bank customer can perform non-transactional tasks through online banking, including -
o Viewing account balances
o Viewing recent transactions
o Downloading bank statements, for example in PDF format
o Viewing images of paid cheques
o Ordering cheque books
o Download periodic account statements
o Downloading applications for M-banking, E-banking etc.

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The author of this article is Assistant Professor, Pioneer Institute of Professional Studies, Indore